A1 (Mwanzo – Beginner):
– Reading (Kusoma): At this level, learners can understand simple and basic written materials, such as signs, greetings, and short, uncomplicated sentences in Swahili.
– Writing (Kuandika): They are capable of composing simple sentences and basic messages about personal information and routine activities.
– Listening (Kusikiliza): A1-level individuals can comprehend straightforward spoken Swahili, particularly in familiar scenarios, like greetings or basic instructions.
– Speaking (Kusema): They engage in basic conversations by introducing themselves, asking simple questions, and responding using familiar expressions.

A2 (Mwanzo wa Kati – Elementary):
– Reading: Learners understand short texts on familiar topics, grasping common vocabulary and simple sentences in Swahili.
– Writing: They are able to write short descriptions and express basic opinions about personal experiences or preferences.
– Listening: A2-level individuals understand basic phrases and expressions related to common subjects and daily routines.
– Speaking: They participate in elementary conversations, communicating personal experiences and engaging in basic discussions.

B1 (Kati – Intermediate):
– Reading: Learners understand longer texts that involve familiar subjects but may contain some unfamiliar vocabulary or more complex sentence structures.
– Writing: They can express opinions and experiences in simple, connected texts, conveying thoughts in a clearer and more detailed manner.
– Listening: Individuals comprehend the main points of clear, standard speech on familiar topics.
– Speaking: They engage in discussions, express opinions, and elaborate on familiar subjects.

B2 (Juu ya Kati – Upper Intermediate):
– Reading: Understands longer and more complex texts on a variety of topics, effectively navigating through unfamiliar vocabulary.
– Writing: Capable of writing clear, detailed texts on different subjects with more advanced sentence structures and vocabulary.
– Listening: Able to understand extended speech covering concrete and abstract topics.
– Speaking: Engages fluently in discussions, providing detailed explanations and opinions on diverse subjects.

C1 (Ya Juu – Advanced):
– Reading: Comprehends complex texts, implicit meanings, and specialized topics, showing an understanding of nuanced language use.
– Writing: Expresses thoughts fluently and precisely in formal and informal contexts, using a wide range of vocabulary and complex sentence structures.
– Listening: Understands almost everything heard or read effortlessly, even in complex and challenging contexts.
– Speaking: Engages in discussions on intricate subjects, demonstrates flexibility and effectiveness in language use.

C2 (Ujuzi – Proficient):
– Reading: Understands virtually all forms of written or spoken Swahili, demonstrating an ability to interpret nuanced meaning and subtleties.
– Writing: Writes complex texts with ease, showcasing a mastery of language nuances, expressing ideas and thoughts effortlessly.
– Listening: Understands and interprets all forms of spoken language, including idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms.
– Speaking: Expresses thoughts spontaneously, fluently, and precisely in any situation, showcasing an advanced command of the language.

This detailed breakdown represents the progressive development of Swahili language skills across reading, writing, listening, and speaking from beginner to highly proficient levels.